实训二 合同法和担保法

1 实训目的

1.1  掌握合同的生效情形﹑无效合同﹑可撤消合同﹑效力待定合同的种类和处理方法。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

1.2  掌握五种担保方式生效的条件 债权人和担保人的权利义务。

2 实训要求

2.1  实训过程认真，严肃。

2.2、掌握合同的生效情形﹑无效合同﹑可撤消合同﹑效力待定合同的种类和处理方法。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

2.3  掌握五种担保方式生效的条件，债权人和担保人的权利义务。

3          实训材料

合同法和担保法案例。

4 实训内容

4.1案例一：甲、乙于2001年10月5日签订一借款合同，丙作为担保方在借款合同上签字。合同约定乙的还款日期为2002年2月5日，到期未还由丙对借款本金500万元承担连带责任。2001年12月1日，甲、乙双方经协商将还款期延至2002年4月5日，并通知丙，丙对此未置可否。2002年5月1日，甲因乙未按期还款而首次要求丙偿还借款本息。根据上述案情，请判断下列说法是否正确。

1、    就保证范围而言，丙对本金的利息不承担保证责任。

2、    由于丙对延期还款期未置可否，故丙不再承担保证责任。

3、    根据约定的保证方式，甲应该先向乙主张权利后才能向丙主张权利。

4、    若丙不同意变更还款期，则甲向丙主张权利的保证期间止于2002年8月5日。

5、 若丙书面同意变更还款期，则甲向丙主张权利的保证期间止于2002年10月5日。

答案分析：

1、正确。根据合同约定，到期未还由丙对借款本金500万元承担连带责任。根据《担保法》第二十一条规定，保证担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现债权的费用。保证合同另有约定的，按照约定。当事人对保证担保的范围没有约定或者约定不明确的，保证人应当对全部债务承担责任。

2、错误。根据《担保法》规定，债权人与债务人对主合同履行期限作为变动，未经保证人书面同意的，保证期间为原合同约定的或者法律规定的期间。

3、错误。合同约定的是承担“连带责任”。丙承担的是“连带责任保证”，而非“一般保证”。只要债务人在主合同规定的债务履行期限届满时没有履行债务的，债权人可直接要求保证人在其保证范围内承担保证责任。

4、正确。保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的，法律规定的保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日起6个月。

5、正确。理由同上。补充一条：保证合同应当以书面订立。根据此规定，丙书面同意，变更有效期有效。

4.2案例二：甲将自己所有的三间房子出租给乙。甲因做生意缺少资金，对乙表示愿将此三间房子出卖。乙愿意购买，甲、乙签订房屋买卖合同，约定价格为6万元，同年12月底以前交清房款。不久，乙依约交清了房款。甲的朋友丙听说此事，愿意 7万元购买此房。于是，甲告知乙，房价提至7万元，若乙补交l万元，则房子卖给乙，否则，房子卖给丙。乙坚决反对提价，认为自己早已交清房款，房子已经属于自己所有，甲既无权要求再补交房款，也无权将房子卖给丙。1个月后，甲将房子以7万元卖给了丙，并办理了过户手续。丙以自己是房屋所有人为名，要求乙腾房。乙认为自己买房在先，而且房子的租期未到，因此拒绝腾房。

问：（1）乙是否取得了这三间房的所有权？

（2）丙要求乙腾房是否合法？

答案分析：

（1）乙没有取得所有权。不动产的所有权以登记生效，虽然甲乙已签署了合同，并且该合同成立，但没有登记，只是在他们之间有效，不能对抗第三人，丙取得所有权。

（2）如果租赁期届满，丙有权依所有权可要求乙腾房。如果未届满，根据买卖不破租赁的原则，不能要求乙腾房，租赁合同仍然有效。

4.3案例三：甲经营需十七万元进货款，经协商，乙同意借给甲十七万元，借款期六个月，但要甲提供借款抵押。甲的好朋友丙愿以自己的房产作为甲的借款抵押物，并与乙签订了以房屋作为借款抵押物的合同，但未进行登记。由于经营不善，六个月期满甲无钱归还借款，乙持借款抵押合同找到丙，要求丙按合同履行，丙认为借款人是甲，与己无关。无奈，乙将丙告上法庭，要求法院判决丙承担抵押担保责任。

问：丙是否应该承担抵押担保责任？

答案分析：

抵押合同未生效。根据担保法规定，不动产的抵押应当登记生效。如果是因丙的原因导致的未登记，丙应当承担一定的责任（过错责任）.对于抵押登记的效力，我国学者有两种观点，一是主张抵押登记为抵押权的生效要件，抵押权必须抵押登记方能成立，不经登记就不能成立；二是主张抵押登记为抵押权的对抗要件。抵押登记不是抵押权的必须程序，登记只具有公示效力，抵押登记与否不影响登记抵押权的成立。但未经登记的抵押权不得对抗善意第三人。

5  预习思考题

5.1 合同的生效情形﹑无效合同﹑可撤消合同﹑效力待定合同的种类和处理方法。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               &, nbsp;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

5.2 五种担保方式生效的条件，债权人和担保人的权利义务。

6 实训注意事项

无。

7 实训报告